An eight month randomized controlled exercise intervention alters resting state synchrony in overweight children

C E Krafft; J E Pierce; N F Schwarz; L Chi; A L Weinberger; D J Schaeffer; A L Rodrigue; J Camchong; J D Allison; N E Yanasak; T Liu; C L Davis; J E McDowell

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.09.052

An eight month randomized controlled exercise intervention alters resting state synchrony in overweight children

Neuroscience. 2014 Jan 3:256:445-55. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.09.052. Epub 2013 Oct 3.

Authors

C E Krafft¹, J E Pierce², N F Schwarz³, L Chi⁴, A L Weinberger⁵, D J Schaeffer⁶, A L Rodrigue⁷, J Camchong⁸, J D Allison⁹, N E Yanasak¹⁰, T Liu¹¹, C L Davis¹², J E McDowell¹³

Affiliations

¹ Psychology Department, Psychology Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. Electronic address: krafft@uga.edu.
² Psychology Department, Psychology Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. Electronic address: jepierce@uga.edu.
³ Psychology Department, Psychology Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. Electronic address: schwarz@uga.edu.
⁴ Psychology Department, Psychology Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. Electronic address: lingxi@uga.edu.
⁵ Psychology Department, Psychology Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. Electronic address: abbywein@uga.edu.
⁶ Neuroscience Department, Psychology Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. Electronic address: djschaef@uga.edu.
⁷ Psychology Department, Psychology Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. Electronic address: alr4655@uga.edu.
⁸ Psychiatry Department, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Avenue, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA. Electronic address: jcamchong@nbresearch.com.
⁹ Radiology Department, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1102 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA. Electronic address: jallison@gru.edu.
¹⁰ Radiology Department, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1102 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA. Electronic address: nyanasak@gru.edu.
¹¹ Computer Science Department, 415 Boyd Graduate Studies Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. Electronic address: tliu@cs.uga.edu.
¹² Pediatrics, Georgia Prevention Center, Medical College of Georgia, Institute of Public & Preventive Health, Georgia Regents University, HS-1640, Augusta, GA 30912, USA. Electronic address: cadavis@gru.edu.
¹³ Psychology Department, Psychology Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Neuroscience Department, Psychology Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. Electronic address: jemcd@uga.edu.

Abstract

Children with low aerobic fitness have altered brain function compared to higher-fit children. This study examined the effect of an 8-month exercise intervention on resting state synchrony. Twenty-two sedentary, overweight (body mass index ≥85th percentile) children 8-11 years old were randomly assigned to one of two after-school programs: aerobic exercise (n=13) or sedentary attention control (n=9). Before and after the 8-month programs, all subjects participated in resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. Independent components analysis identified several networks, with four chosen for between-group analysis: salience, default mode, cognitive control, and motor networks. The default mode, cognitive control, and motor networks showed more spatial refinement over time in the exercise group compared to controls. The motor network showed increased synchrony in the exercise group with the right medial frontal gyrus compared to controls. Exercise behavior may enhance brain development in children.

Keywords: AFNI; ANOVA; Analysis of Functional Neuroimages; BOLD; CAS; CC; Cognitive Assessment System; DMN; FMRIB Software Libraries; FOV; FSL; ICA; Independent Component Analysis; MNI; Montreal Neurological Institute; RSNs; TE; TR; aerobic exercise; analysis of variance; blood oxygenation level-dependent; cognitive control; default mode; default mode network; development; echo time; fMRI; field of view; functional magnetic resonance imaging; obesity; repetition time; resting state fMRI; resting state networks; rsfMRI.

Publication types

Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

Analysis of Variance
Attention / physiology
Brain / blood supply
Brain / physiology*
Child
Cognition
Exercise / physiology
Exercise Therapy / methods*
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Neuropsychological Tests
Overweight / rehabilitation*
Oxygen
Rest*

Substances

Oxygen

Abstract

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

Grants and funding