Error and its meaning in forensic science

J Forensic Sci. 2014 Jan;59(1):123-6. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.12275. Epub 2013 Sep 23.

Abstract

The discussion of "error" has gained momentum in forensic science in the wake of the Daubert guidelines and has intensified with the National Academy of Sciences' Report. Error has many different meanings, and too often, forensic practitioners themselves as well as the courts misunderstand scientific error and statistical error rates, often confusing them with practitioner error (or mistakes). Here, we present an overview of these concepts as they pertain to forensic science applications, discussing the difference between practitioner error (including mistakes), instrument error, statistical error, and method error. We urge forensic practitioners to ensure that potential sources of error and method limitations are understood and clearly communicated and advocate that the legal community be informed regarding the differences between interobserver errors, uncertainty, variation, and mistakes.

Keywords: Daubert; error; forensic anthropology; forensic science; limitation; mistake.

MeSH terms

  • Data Interpretation, Statistical*
  • False Positive Reactions
  • Forensic Sciences* / legislation & jurisprudence
  • Humans
  • Mathematical Concepts*
  • Reproducibility of Results