Severe bacterial infection in patients with heterotaxy syndrome

Abstract

Objective: To determine the incidence of sepsis in patients with heterotaxy syndrome.

Study design: From our institutional database, we identified patients with heterotaxy syndrome and other complex congenital heart disease (CHD) born between 2001 and 2011. Severe bacterial infection was defined as sepsis with positive culture result or infection with abscess formation.

Results: We enrolled 95 patients with heterotaxy syndrome (88 with right atrial isomerism and 7 with left atrial isomerism) and 142 patients with complex CHD. With 1026 person-years follow-up, the 5-year survival was 52% and 65.7% in heterotaxy and complex CHD groups, respectively (P = .239). Community-acquired severe bacterial infection occurred only in heterotaxy syndrome (13 episodes in 10 patients, 3 of whom had spleen noted at imaging study) with 2- and 5 years cumulative severe bacterial infection rate of 9.6% and 14.5%, respectively. The overall mortality rate of those with community-acquired severe bacterial infection was 31%. Pneumococcus and Citrobacter freundii were the most common pathogens. Nosocomial severe bacterial infection occurred in 33.3% of all patients and 12.5% of all procedures. The rates (0.59 and 0.52/100 hospitalization days in heterotaxy and complex CHD group) and the pathogens of nosocomial severe bacterial infection were similar between heterotaxy and complex CHD groups.

Conclusions: Patients with heterotaxy syndrome are at high risk for community-acquired severe bacterial infection and also have high mortality rate whether the spleen is present or not. The risk of nosocomial severe bacterial infection seems similar to that of patients with other complex CHD.

Keywords: CHD; CT; Computed tomography; Congenital heart disease; LAI; Left atrial isomerism; RAI; Right atrial isomerism.