Occurrence of 3-MCPD and glycidyl esters in edible oils in the United States

Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2013;30(12):2081-92. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2013.840805. Epub 2013 Oct 21.

Abstract

Fatty acid esters of 3-monochloropropanediol (3-MCPD) and glycidol are processing contaminants found in a wide range of edible oils. While both 3 MCPD and glycidol have toxicological properties that at present has concerns for food safety, the published occurrence data are limited. Occurrence information is presented for the concentrations of 3-MCPD and glycidyl esters in 116 retail and/or industrial edible oils and fats using LC-MS/MS analysis of intact esters. The concentrations for bound 3-MCPD ranged from below the limit of quantitation (<LOQ) to 0.09 mg kg⁻¹ (ppm) in 22 unrefined oils and from 0.005 to 7.2 mg kg⁻¹ (ppm) in 94 refined oils. The concentrations for bound glycidol ranged from <LOQ to 0.03 mg kg⁻¹ (ppm) in unrefined oil samples and from <LOQ to 10.5 mg kg⁻¹ (ppm) in processed oil samples. The highest concentrations for both 3-MCPD and glycidol were seen in refined palm oil and palm olein samples. Palm olein samples also contained a higher percentage of 3-MCPD in mono-ester form than any other type of oil.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Carcinogens / analysis*
  • Carcinogens / chemistry
  • Carcinogens / toxicity
  • Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  • Epoxy Compounds / analysis*
  • Epoxy Compounds / chemistry
  • Epoxy Compounds / toxicity
  • Esterification
  • Fatty Acids / analysis
  • Fatty Acids / chemistry
  • Food Contamination*
  • Food Handling
  • Glycerol / analogs & derivatives*
  • Glycerol / analysis
  • Glycerol / chemistry
  • Glycerol / toxicity
  • Hot Temperature / adverse effects
  • Limit of Detection
  • Maryland
  • Molecular Structure
  • Mutagens / analysis*
  • Mutagens / chemistry
  • Mutagens / toxicity
  • Palm Oil
  • Plant Oils / adverse effects
  • Plant Oils / chemistry*
  • Plant Oils / economics
  • Propanols / analysis*
  • Propanols / chemistry
  • Propanols / toxicity
  • Solid Phase Extraction
  • Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
  • Tandem Mass Spectrometry
  • United States
  • alpha-Chlorohydrin

Substances

  • Carcinogens
  • Epoxy Compounds
  • Fatty Acids
  • Mutagens
  • Plant Oils
  • Propanols
  • Palm Oil
  • alpha-Chlorohydrin
  • Glycerol
  • glycidol