Absence of detectable HIV-1 viremia after treatment cessation in an infant

N Engl J Med. 2013 Nov 7;369(19):1828-35. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1302976. Epub 2013 Oct 23.

Abstract

An infant born to a woman with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection began receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) 30 hours after birth owing to high-risk exposure. ART was continued when detection of HIV-1 DNA and RNA on repeat testing met the standard diagnostic criteria for infection. After therapy was discontinued (when the child was 18 months of age), levels of plasma HIV-1 RNA, proviral DNA in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells, and HIV-1 antibodies, as assessed by means of clinical assays, remained undetectable in the child through 30 months of age. This case suggests that very early ART in infants may alter the establishment and long-term persistence of HIV-1 infection.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Retroviral Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Child, Preschool
  • HIV Antibodies / blood
  • HIV Infections / drug therapy*
  • HIV Infections / virology
  • HIV-1* / drug effects
  • HIV-1* / genetics
  • HIV-1* / isolation & purification
  • Humans
  • Male
  • RNA, Viral / blood*
  • Viral Load
  • Viremia* / diagnosis
  • Withholding Treatment

Substances

  • Anti-Retroviral Agents
  • HIV Antibodies
  • RNA, Viral