Endovascular treatment of adult spinal arteriovenous lesions

Abstract

Spinal arteriovenous lesions (SAVLs) are rare disorders, the diagnosis of which can be established using various imaging modalities. To discern the various types of SAVL, spinal angiography of the entire neural axis is required. Surgery is the standard treatment of choice; however, ever advancing endovascular technology can provide a viable alternative. This article discusses the normal anatomy, arterial supply, and venous drainage of the spinal cord. The classification, pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, natural history, and pathophysiology of SAVLs in adults are reviewed. Finally, endovascular treatment of these lesions is discussed.

Keywords: Epidural arteriovenous fistula; Spinal angiography; Spinal arteriovenous fistula; Spinal arteriovenous lesions; Spinal cord arteriovenous malformation; Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula.