Prevalence of occult gynecologic malignancy at the time of risk reducing and nonprophylactic surgery in patients with Lynch syndrome

Abstract

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of occult gynecologic malignancy at the time of risk reducing surgery in patients with Lynch Syndrome. A secondary aim was to determine the prevalence of occult gynecologic malignancy at the time of surgery for non-prophylactic indications in patients with Lynch Syndrome.

Methods: A retrospective review of an Inherited Colorectal Cancer Registry found 76 patients with Lynch syndrome (defined by a germline mutation in a DNA mismatch repair gene) or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) (defined by Amsterdam criteria) who had undergone hysterectomy and/or salpingo-oophorectomy for a prophylactic or non-prophylactic indication. Indications for surgery and the prevalence of cancer at the time of each operation were reviewed.

Results: 24 of 76 patients underwent prophylactic hysterectomy and/or bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for Lynch syndrome or HNPCC. In 9 of these patients, a benign indication for surgery was also noted. 4 of 24 patients (17%, 95% CI = 5-38%) were noted to have cancer on final pathology. 20 of 76 patients (26%) undergoing operative management for any indication were noted to have occult malignancy on final pathology.

Conclusions: Patients should be counseled about the risks of finding gynecologic cancer at the time of prophylactic or non-prophylactic surgery for Lynch syndrome and HNPCC, and the potential need for additional surgery.

Keywords: Endometrial cancer; Lynch syndrome.