Direct electrochemistry of myoglobin at reduced graphene oxide-multiwalled carbon nanotubes-platinum nanoparticles nanocomposite and biosensing towards hydrogen peroxide and nitrite

Abstract

We described the preparation of a novel nanobiocomposite, reduced graphene oxide- multiwalled carbon nanotubes-platinum nanoparticles/myoglobin (RGO-MWCNT-Pt/Mb) for the direct electrochemistry of myoglobin and its application towards determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitrite (NO2(-)). RGO-MWCNT-Pt nanocomposite has been prepared by simple solution based approach and its structure was characterized. RGO-MWCNT-Pt/Mb nanobiocomposite was prepared and attained the direct electrochemistry of Mb with pair of well-defined redox peaks with the formal potential of -0.33 V and peak to peak separation of 22 mV. Amount of electroactive protein (Г) and heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (ks) were calculated to be 1.04 × 10 (-9) mol cm(-2) and 9.47 s(-1). The sensor displayed lowest detection limit (LOD) of 6 pM which is the lowest LOD ever achieved for the detection of H2O2. Two linear ranges were observed for the detection of H2O2: (1) 10 pM-0.19 nM with sensitivity of 1.99 (± 0.058) µA pM(-1)cm(-2) and (2) 0.25 nM-2.24 µM with sensitivity of 0.037 (± 0.081) µA nM(-1)cm(-2). In addition, the biosensor offered good analytical parameters towards determination of NO2(-) with wide linear range of 1 µM to 12 mM and high sensitivity of 0.1651 (± 0.026) µA µM(-1) cm(-2). The sensor acquires good selectivity, repeatability, reproducibility and stability. The practical feasibility of the sensor has been addressed.

Keywords: Graphene; Hydrogen peroxide; MWCNT; Myoglobin; Nitrite; Picomolar.