The strategy of organ preservation by applying chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of laryngeal carcinoma, which has been extensively used since 1990s, is now being reviewed regarding its further justification. Despite good results in other localization of head and neck cancer, it has not met the expectations in case of laryngeal cancer. One explanation is the lower participation of human papillomavirus type 16 in the etiology of laryngeal cancer. A lot of developing countries base their concept on primary surgery with subsequent radiotherapy, because the cost of operations for cancer of the larynx is much lower than in developed countries. Endoscopic surgery of T1 cancers is feasible in all environments using cold surgery thanks to modern management of anesthesia with the possibility of local application of adrenaline. Its price is 481.46 euros, and if it is performed through laryngofissure, the price is 785.46 euros. The introduction of lasers into the treatment would justify the initial investment and extend indications, and the surgery of T1 and T2 cancers with laser application should be the standard practice in all countries and regions dealing with laryngeal pathology. T2 and some T3 cancers can be treated by conservation surgery of the larynx. Most of T3 and T4 cancers are indications for total laryngectomy or near-total laryngectomy in selected cases. If it is the primary surgery, wound healing is good and complications are rare. This greatly reduces the cost of operation, which is 1910.15 euros. Surgery after radiotherapy, particularly after chemoradiotherapy, may result in complications that significantly prolong the treatment and increase its costs. Thus, the biological nature of laryngeal cancer and its specificity make this approach to the treatment of cancer available in all regions of the world.