Cutaneous melanoma in children and adolescents: the Italian rare tumors in pediatric age project experience

Abstract

Objective: To describe a series of cutaneous melanoma in children collected by the Italian Rare Tumors in Pediatric Age project.

Study design: From 2000 to 2012, 54 patients younger than 18 years of age were prospectively registered and treated at 12 Italian pediatric centers on the basis of the same diagnostic/therapeutic recommendations and with the same forms to record clinical data.

Results: Considering the estimated annual incidence in Italy, the registered cases accounted for 30% of those expected in children and 10% of adolescents. Clinically, 47% of the tumors were amelanotic and 81% were raised, 39% of cases had tumor thickness >2 mm, and 36% had lymph node involvement. For the whole series, 5-year event-free survival and overall survival rates were 75.2% and 84.6%, respectively. Patient survival correlated with tumor stage and ulceration. No relapses were recorded for T1-2 (thickness <2 mm), N0, and stage 0-I-II cases.

Conclusion: We suggest that the variables influencing survival in children with melanoma are the same as for adults, the clinical approach used in adults is feasible in children, and pediatric cases are more likely to have advanced disease at diagnosis but similar survival. New effective drugs are needed for advanced disease, and biological studies and international cooperative schemes are warranted.

Keywords: AJCC; American Joint Committee on Cancer; EFS; Event-free survival; OS; Overall survival; SLNB; Sentinel lymph node biopsy; TREP; Tumori Rari in Età Pediatrica (Rare Tumors in Pediatric Age).