Novel childhood asthma genes interact with in utero and early-life tobacco smoke exposure

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
• ² Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pulmonology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
• ³ Division of Respiratory Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
• ⁴ Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ⁵ ALSPAC, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
• ⁶ Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Sachs' Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ⁷ Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Global Epidemiology, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden.
• ⁸ Respiratory Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
• ⁹ Institute of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology (IMSE), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University, Munich, Germany; Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
• ¹⁰ Bergen Respiratory Research Group, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen and Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
• ¹¹ Inserm U946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France; Fondation Jean Dausset, Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, France.
• ¹² Inserm U1018, CESP Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Respiratory and environmental epidemiology Team, Villejuif, France; Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France.
• ¹³ Inserm U823, Centre de Recherche Albert Bonniot, La Tronche, France; Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France.
• ¹⁴ LMU Munich, University Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany.
• ¹⁵ Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
• ¹⁶ Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
• ¹⁷ Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
• ¹⁸ Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Centre for Prevention and Health Services Research, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
• ¹⁹ Centre for Prevention and Health Services Research, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
• ²⁰ Research Institute of Medical Genetics of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.
• ²¹ Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia.
• ²² Research Institute of Medical Genetics of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tomsk, Russia; Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia.
• ²³ James Hogg iCAPTURE Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
• ²⁴ Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
• ²⁵ Occupational and Environmental Lung Disease Unit, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
• ²⁶ Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta and School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
• ²⁷ Pediatric Pneumology, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Medical University, Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück-Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
• ²⁸ Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité-Medical University, Berlin, Germany.
• ²⁹ Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Medical University, Berlin, Germany.
• ³⁰ Department of Paediatric Pneumology and Allergy, University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO), Regensburg, Germany.
• ³¹ Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
• ³² Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
• ³³ Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
• ³⁴ Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
• ³⁵ Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
• ³⁶ Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
• ³⁷ Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: h.m.boezen@umcg.nl.