The use of anti-TNF-α has been associated with several changes in lipid profile, although some study results are conflicting. The knowledge of this fact is of great importance when one observes at the association between rheumatic diseases and accelerated atherogenesis. The aim of this analysis was search for changes in lipid profile in anti TNF-α users in the population of Southern Brazil and its association with duration of use, indications, patient gender and type of anti-TNF. For this purpose, we studied the profiles of total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (HDLc), LDL cholesterol (LDLc), atherogenic index (ATI) and triglycerides (TGs) of 58 patients (42 with rheumatoid arthritis and 16 with spondyloarthritis) before and after using this drug for a median of 16.0 months. There were no changes in the levels of TC, HDLc, LDLc and ATI (P = NS). However, there was a significant increase in TG levels (P = 0.03). The median difference between first and second TG measurements was 16 mg/dL and this increase was not associated with gender, time of use, use indication or type of anti TNF-α (P = NS). It was concluded that the use of anti TNF-α is associated with increased values of TG.