Background: Pertussis is an important cause of infant death worldwide and continues to be a public health concern even in countries with high vaccination coverage. Severe (critical) pertussis with hyperleukocytosis is a severe form of the disease with up to 80% mortality rate. Attempts have been reported to reduce the white blood cell burden by exchange transfusion (ET) with conflicting conclusions.
Case report: We report a case of critical pertussis in a neonate who was treated with ET, in view of a comprehensive literature review.
Results: The patient was discharged without any sequelae.
Conclusion: ET should be considered in all infants suffering from critical pertussis and hyperleukocytosis, even in secondary care community hospitals.
© 2013 AABB.