Comparison of oral vancomycin capsule and solution for treatment of initial episode of severe Clostridium difficile Infection

J Pharm Pract. 2015 Apr;28(2):183-8. doi: 10.1177/0897190013515925. Epub 2013 Dec 27.

Abstract

Objective: Vancomycin is recommended as a first-line therapy for severe Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Due to the high cost of commercially available vancomycin capsules, hospitals frequently compound oral solution despite a lack of data comparing outcomes. This study was conducted to determine treatment outcome differences based on oral vancomycin formulation.

Methods: Medical charts of 76 patients with an initial episode of severe CDI receiving oral vancomycin as a commercially available capsule or a compounded oral solution for at least 72 hours were retrospectively reviewed. The primary objective was to compare the time to clinical cure of CDI.

Results: Baseline characteristics between groups were similar except for the median lactate, which was higher in compounded oral solution group (1.5 vs 0.6 mmol/L, P < .001). There was no difference in clinical cure at day 10 (64% solution vs 59% capsules, P = .664). Median time to clinical cure was 8 days for solution and 7 for capsules (P = .597). After adjustment, the hazard ratio of time to clinical cure for solution compared to capsules was 1.15 (P = .69). No significant differences in mortality, recurrence, or complications were noted.

Conclusion: Formulation of oral vancomycin did not impact treatment outcomes in this retrospective study.

Keywords: Clostridium difficile; capsule; oral solution; vancomycin.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Oral
  • Aged
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Capsules
  • Clostridioides difficile*
  • Clostridium Infections / drug therapy*
  • Cohort Studies
  • Humans
  • Middle Aged
  • Proportional Hazards Models
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Solutions
  • Vancomycin / administration & dosage
  • Vancomycin / therapeutic use*

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Capsules
  • Solutions
  • Vancomycin