[The use of the ketogenic diet as treatment for refractory epilepsy in the paediatric age]

Rev Neurol. 2014 Jan 16;58(2):55-62.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Introduction: Between 23% and 25% of epileptic children are refractory to antiepileptic drugs. In recent times there has been a renewed interest in the ketogenic diet as treatment in these patients who are not candidates for other therapeutic options. AIMS. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of treatment with the ketogenic diet in an important number of paediatric patients with refractory epilepsy in our centre and to determine whether the results obtained are consistent with others recently reported in the literature.

Patients and methods: A retrospective review was conducted of the medical records of 41 children with refractory epilepsy treated with the ketogenic diet, mostly the Radcliffe II-type diet, between 1998 and 2011. Their median age on starting the diet was 3.92 years old.

Results: At six months after beginning the diet, the number of crises was reduced by at least 50% in 36.84% of the sample (10.53% of the children reached a 90% reduction and 5.26% no longer suffered crises). Around 50% of those in the youngest age group responded positively. Some tolerable, transient side effects were experienced by 58.54% of the patients, consisting mainly in high levels of cholesterol and constipation; no variations in the anthropomorphic parameters were observed.

Conclusions: The ketogenic diet is a good therapeutic alternative in cases of refractory epilepsy in the paediatric age. Moreover, the younger the child is on starting on the diet, the more likely he or she is to gain benefits from it. In general it is well tolerated. Regular check-ups with supervision of these patients' nutrition are of great importance.

Title: Experiencia en el tratamiento con dieta cetogenica de la epilepsia refractaria en la edad pediatrica.

Introduccion. El 23-25% de los niños epilepticos son refractarios a farmacos antiepilepticos. El interes por la dieta cetogenica como tratamiento en estos pacientes no candidatos a otras opciones terapeuticas ha resurgido ultimamente. Objetivo. Valorar la eficacia y seguridad del tratamiento con dieta cetogenica en un importante numero de pacientes pediatricos con epilepsia refractaria en nuestro centro y determinar si los resultados obtenidos corroboran otros de publicacion reciente. Pacientes y metodos. Se revisaron retrospectivamente las historias clinicas de 41 niños con epilepsia refractaria que fueron tratados con dieta cetogenica entre 1998 y 2011, la mayoria con dieta tipo Radcliffe II. La mediana de edad al inicio de la dieta fue de 3,92 años. Resultados. A los seis meses del inicio de la dieta se redujeron las crisis en al menos un 50% en un 36,84% de la muestra (el 10,53% de los niños alcanzo mas de un 90% de reduccion y un 5,26% quedo sin crisis). Aproximadamente un 50% por grupo de edad en los mas pequeños respondio de manera positiva. Un 58,54% de los pacientes presento algun efecto secundario, tolerable y transitorio, principalmente elevacion de los niveles de colesterol y estreñimiento, sin observarse variacion en los parametros antropometricos. Conclusiones. La dieta cetogenica supone una buena alternativa terapeutica en los casos de epilepsia refractaria en la edad pediatrica, con mayor probabilidad de beneficio cuanto menor sea la edad del niño al inicio de la dieta. En general, es bien tolerada. Son de gran importancia en estos pacientes las revisiones periodicas con control nutricional.

Publication types

  • Evaluation Study

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Anticonvulsants / therapeutic use
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Diet, Ketogenic*
  • Drug Resistance
  • Epilepsy / diet therapy*
  • Epilepsy / drug therapy
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Male
  • Patient Acceptance of Health Care
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Anticonvulsants