Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in disseminated histoplasmosis and advanced HIV infection

Abstract

The cause of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is often multifactorial. It is uncommon in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, if the cause of PRES is left untreated it can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Thus, we believe it should be included as a differential in immunosuppressed patients presenting with neurological signs. This case report describes such a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who developed hypocalcaemia secondary to disseminated histoplasmosis.

Keywords: AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome); HIV (human immunodeficiency virus); PRES; Posterior encephalopathy syndrome; histoplasmosis; hypercalcaemia; hypertension.