The incidence of major and minor motor and/or cognitive deficits at 1 year of age, in 37 mature children who had experienced an intrapartum fetal asphyxial insult, was compared with the incidence of deficits at 1 year in 76 children of the control group. The incidence of both major and minor deficits was significantly greater in the group with intrapartum fetal asphyxia in relation to the control group. These findings support the concept that, beyond a critical threshold of fetal asphyxia, a continuum of casualty in the surviving newborn infants exists.