Investigating hapten clustering as a strategy to enhance vaccines against drugs of abuse

Bioconjug Chem. 2014 Mar 19;25(3):593-600. doi: 10.1021/bc500016k. Epub 2014 Feb 25.

Abstract

Vaccines for drugs of abuse have yet to achieve full clinical relevance, largely due to poor/inconsistent immune responses in patients. The use of multivalent scaffolding as a means to tailor drug-hapten density and clustering was examined in the context of drug-immune response modulation. A modular trivalent hapten containing a diglycine spacer, triAM1(Gly)2, was synthesized and shown to elicit anti-nicotine antibodies at equivalent affinity and concentration to the monovalent AM1 analog, despite in this instance having a lower effective hapten density. Augmenting this data, the corresponding monovalent hapten AM1(Gly)2 resulted in enhanced antibody affinity and concentration. Drug-hapten clustering represents a new vaccine paradigm, and, while examined only in the context of nicotine, it should be readily translatable to other drugs of abuse.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antibody Affinity
  • Haptens / chemistry
  • Haptens / immunology*
  • Illicit Drugs / chemistry
  • Illicit Drugs / immunology*
  • Mice
  • Molecular Conformation
  • Nicotine / analysis
  • Substance Abuse Detection
  • Vaccines / chemical synthesis
  • Vaccines / chemistry
  • Vaccines / immunology*

Substances

  • Haptens
  • Illicit Drugs
  • Vaccines
  • Nicotine