Determination of urinary aromatic amines in smokers and nonsmokers using a MIPs-SPE coupled with LC-MS/MS method

J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2014 May 1:958:130-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.03.023. Epub 2014 Mar 31.

Abstract

Urinary aromatic amines (AAs) could be used as biomarkers for human exposure to AAs in cigarette smoke. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of urinary AAs (i.e. 1-naphthylamine (1-NA), 2-naphthylamine (2-NA), 3-aminobiphenyl (3-ABP) and 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP)) in smokers and nonsmokers. A molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge was applied to purify urine samples and no derivatization reaction was involved. Each analytes used respective stable isotope internal standards, which could well compensate matrix effect. Lower limit of detections (LODs) for four AAs were obtained and in the range of 1.5-5ngL(-1). Recovery ranged from 87.7±4.5% to 111.3±6.4% and precision were less than 9.9%. The method was applied to analyze urine samples of 40 smokers and 10 nonsmokers. The 24h urinary excretion amounts of total AAs were higher for smokers compared with nonsmokers. What's more, 1-NA, 3-ABP and 4-ABP excretion amounts showed significant differences (p<0.05) between smokers and nonsmokers.

Keywords: Aromatic amines; Biomarker; LC–MS/MS; MIPs; Urine.

Publication types

  • Evaluation Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • 1-Naphthylamine / analysis*
  • 2-Naphthylamine / analysis*
  • Aminobiphenyl Compounds / urine*
  • Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid* / methods
  • Humans
  • Limit of Detection
  • Molecular Imprinting / methods
  • Polymers / chemistry
  • Smoking / urine*
  • Solid Phase Extraction* / methods
  • Tandem Mass Spectrometry / methods
  • Urinalysis / methods

Substances

  • Aminobiphenyl Compounds
  • Polymers
  • 4-biphenylamine
  • 1-Naphthylamine
  • 2-Naphthylamine
  • 3-aminobiphenyl