Cardiovascular risk factors in young adults: a literature review

J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2015 Jul-Aug;30(4):298-310. doi: 10.1097/JCN.0000000000000150.

Abstract

This extensive literature review focuses on cardiovascular risk factors in young adults, with an emphasis on hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Multiple studies have confirmed that hyperlipidemia and hypertension during young adulthood are associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) in later decades, and CHD is one type of cardiovascular disease. The primary risk factors identified in the literature that are predictive of CHD are age; gender; race/ethnicity; smoking status; high blood pressure; and elevated lipid levels, especially low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The current guidelines are insufficient to address screening and treatment in young adults with cardiovascular risk factors. Future studies are warranted to confirm the extent of cardiovascular risks in young adults, which can then be targeted to this population for prevention and intervention strategies.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Cardiovascular Diseases* / epidemiology
  • Cardiovascular Diseases* / etiology
  • Humans
  • Hyperlipidemias / complications
  • Hyperlipidemias / therapy
  • Hypertension / complications
  • Hypertension / therapy
  • Practice Guidelines as Topic
  • Risk Factors
  • Young Adult