Aims: We designed a prospective nonrandomized study aiming at assessing the impact of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) after a new diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).
Methods: Consecutive patients referred to coronary angiography underwent an overnight sleep study during their hospital stay. Among those with angiographically confirmed CAD and a new diagnosis of moderate or severe OSAS, we compared the 3-year major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular event (MACCE)-free survival stratified by CPAP at discharge.
Results: Of 496 patients undergoing an overnight sleep study, 129 had angiographically confirmed CAD and presented with moderate or severe OSAS. The incidence of 3-year MACCE was significantly lower in the CPAP-treated group (n = 17) than in the untreated group (n = 112; 12 vs. 44%, P = 0.02). After adjusting for differences in baseline characteristics, CPAP was significantly associated with a decreased risk of MACCE [adjusted hazard ratio 0.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04-0.78, P = 0.02]. Among men, CPAP was associated with a significant 3-year risk reduction in MACCE (adjusted hazard ratio 0.12, 95% CI 0.02-0.87, P = 0.04), whereas no significant benefit of CPAP was seen in women (adjusted hazard ratio 2.1, 95% CI 0.10-41.6, P = 0.63). The statistical interaction between CPAP and sex trended to be significant (adjusted P for interaction = 0.10).
Conclusion: In patients with OSAS and CAD, the initiation of CPAP is associated with a significant reduction in MACCE compared with patients left untreated.