T helper responses are maintained by basal-like breast cancer cells and confer to immune modulation via upregulation of PD-1 ligands

Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2014 Jun;145(3):605-14. doi: 10.1007/s10549-014-2984-9. Epub 2014 May 10.

Abstract

A conspicuous T cell infiltration is frequently observed in triple-negative and/or basal-like breast cancers. Since the immunological course of breast cancer is explicitly directed by helper T cells, this study aims to determine the influence of basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) cells on CD4(+) T cell responses. Co-cultures were established with breast cancer cell lines and CD4(+) T cells under stimulatory conditions. Helper T cell activation, proliferation, cytokine secretion, and differentiation were assessed. Protein and mRNA expression of PD-1 ligands were determined on breast cancer cell lines. Blockade assays were performed in order to determine the functional assets of PD-1 ligation. In contrast to luminal breast cancer cells, BLBC cells allowed CD4(+) T cell activation, proliferation, and IFN-γ secretion, but only to a certain extent. A substantial population of CD25(+)CD127(low/-) regulatory T (Treg) cells was also induced in BLBC co-cultures. In return, IFN-γ stimulated the upregulation of PD-L1 (B7-H1) and/or PD-L2 (B7-DC) inhibitory molecules on the basal-like cells. In prolonged periods of co-culturing, blockade of PD-1 ligands on BLBC cell lines impaired Treg differentiation, restored IL-2 secretion, and increased CD8(+) T cell activation. In conclusion, T helper responses were maintained by BLBC cells. On the other hand, IFN-γ secreted from Th1 and other immune cells upregulated the expression of PD-1 ligands on BLBC cells and modulated the immune reactions. Our results indicate the capacity of BLBCs to adapt to IFN-γ-mediated anti-tumor immune responses and to evade immunity via upregulation of PD-1 ligands.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • B7-H1 Antigen / biosynthesis*
  • Breast Neoplasms / immunology*
  • Cell Differentiation
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Proliferation
  • Coculture Techniques
  • Cytokines / biosynthesis
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Interferon-gamma / metabolism
  • Lymphocyte Activation / immunology
  • MCF-7 Cells
  • Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein / biosynthesis*
  • Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / metabolism*
  • T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / immunology*

Substances

  • B7-H1 Antigen
  • CD274 protein, human
  • Cytokines
  • PDCD1 protein, human
  • PDCD1LG2 protein, human
  • Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein
  • Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
  • Interferon-gamma