Vascular endothelial cadherin and vascular endothelial growth factor in periodontitis and smoking

Oral Dis. 2015 Mar;21(2):263-9. doi: 10.1111/odi.12261. Epub 2014 Jun 25.

Abstract

Objective: This study investigated the vascularization in periodontal disease process via revealing: (i) vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) productions in periodontitis and (ii) the impact of smoking on this phenomenon.

Materials and methods: Fifteen smokers and 15 non-smokers with/without periodontitis were allocated by split-mouth randomization regarding their smoking and periodontal statuses. The teeth with periodontitis in smokers (group 1), without periodontitis in smokers (group 2), with periodontitis in non-smokers (group 3), and without periodontitis in non-smokers (group 4) constituted the study groups. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of VE-cadherin and VEGF were determined by ELISA to evaluate their profiles in the groups.

Results: There were increased VE-cadherin levels in groups 1 and 3 compared with groups 2 and 4 (P < 0.05). Group 2 demonstrated higher VE-cadherin level than group 4 (P < 0.05). Increased VEGF was noted in groups 1 and 3 compared with groups 2 and 4 (P < 0.05) with similar levels between groups 1 and 3 and groups 2 and 4 (P > 0.05). There were no correlations between the VE-cadherin and VEGF levels in all groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: The results suggest that VE-cadherin and VEGF may increase in periodontitis, and smoking may uniquely cause VE-cadherin production in GCF.

Keywords: VE-cadherin; VEGF; gingival crevicular fluid; periodontitis; smoking.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Antigens, CD / biosynthesis*
  • Cadherins / biosynthesis*
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Gingival Crevicular Fluid / chemistry
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Periodontitis / metabolism*
  • Periodontium / pathology
  • Random Allocation
  • Smoking / metabolism*
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / biosynthesis*

Substances

  • Antigens, CD
  • Cadherins
  • VEGFA protein, human
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
  • cadherin 5