The P2X7 receptor: shifting from a low- to a high-conductance channel - an enigmatic phenomenon?

Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 Oct;1838(10):2578-87. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.05.015. Epub 2014 May 21.

Abstract

The general structure of the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is similar to the structure of other P2X receptor family members, with the exception of its C terminus, which is the longest of this family. The P2X7R activates several intracellular signaling cascades, such as the calmodulin, mitogen-activated protein kinase and phospholipase D pathways. At low concentrations of ATP (micromolar range), P2X7R activation opens a cationic channel, similarly to other P2X receptors. However, in the presence of high concentrations of ATP (millimolar range), it opens a pathway that allows the passage of larger organic cations and anions. Here, we discuss both the structural characteristics of P2X7R related to its remarkable functions and the proposed mechanisms, including the dilation of the endogenous pore and the integration of another channel. In addition, we highlight the importance of P2X7R as a therapeutic target.

Keywords: Calcium; Ion channel activity; P2X7R; Patch-clamp; Second messenger.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adenosine Triphosphate / metabolism*
  • Animals
  • Humans
  • Ion Channel Gating / physiology*
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • Receptors, Purinergic P2X7 / metabolism*
  • Signal Transduction / physiology*
  • Structure-Activity Relationship

Substances

  • Receptors, Purinergic P2X7
  • Adenosine Triphosphate