Adverse Childhood Experiences in the Lives of Male Sex Offenders: Implications for Trauma-Informed Care

Sex Abuse. 2016 Jun;28(4):340-59. doi: 10.1177/1079063214535819. Epub 2014 May 28.

Abstract

This study explored the prevalence of childhood trauma in a sample of male sexual offenders (N = 679) using the Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) scale. Compared with males in the general population, sex offenders had more than 3 times the odds of child sexual abuse (CSA), nearly twice the odds of physical abuse, 13 times the odds of verbal abuse, and more than 4 times the odds of emotional neglect and coming from a broken home. Less than 16% endorsed zero ACEs and nearly half endorsed four or more. Multiple maltreatments often co-occurred with other types of household dysfunction, suggesting that many sex offenders were raised within a disordered social environment. Higher ACE scores were associated with higher risk scores. By enhancing our understanding of the frequency and correlates of early adverse experiences, we can better devise trauma-informed interventions that respond to the clinical needs of sex offender clients.

Keywords: adverse childhood experiences; sexual offender treatment; trauma-informed care.

MeSH terms

  • Adult Survivors of Child Abuse / psychology*
  • Child
  • Child Abuse, Sexual / psychology
  • Crime Victims / psychology*
  • Criminals / psychology*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Prevalence
  • Risk Factors
  • Sex Offenses / psychology*