Biomarkers in multiple sclerosis: an update for 2014

Rev Neurol. 2014 Jun 16;58(12):553-70.
[Article in English, Spanish]

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, demyelinating and inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that mainly affects young adults. It is characterised by processes involving inflammation, demyelination and axonal destruction, and as a result the pathogenic aspects and response to treatment of the disease vary widely. It is therefore difficult to establish a prognosis for these patients or to determine the effectiveness of the different drugs that are employed. Current clinical research into the development of new biomarkers has advanced a great deal in recent years, especially in the early stages of the disease. Yet, it is essential to further our knowledge about novel markers of the disease, and not only in the more advanced stages, so as to be able to stop disability from progressing and to establish new therapy regimens in these patients. This review presents an update on the information available about the biomarkers that are currently validated and used in multiple sclerosis, together with the possible candidates for utilisation in routine clinical practice.

Title: Biomarcadores en la esclerosis multiple: puesta al dia 2014.

La esclerosis multiple es una enfermedad cronica, desmielinizante e inflamatoria del sistema nervioso central, que afecta principalmente a adultos jovenes. Se caracteriza por procesos de inflamacion, desmielinizacion y destruccion axonal, que confieren a esta enfermedad una gran variabilidad en los aspectos patogenicos y de respuesta al tratamiento. Por ello es muy dificil establecer el pronostico de estos pacientes, asi como la eficacia de los diferentes farmacos. La investigacion clinica actual en el desarrollo de nuevos biomarcadores ha experimentado un gran avance en los ultimos años, especialmente al inicio de la enfermedad. Sin embargo, es prioritario avanzar en el conocimiento de nuevos marcadores de la enfermedad, no solo en la fase mas avanzada, con el objetivo de prevenir la progresion de la discapacidad y establecer nuevas pautas terapeuticas en estos pacientes. Esta revision presenta una actualizacion de la informacion acerca de los biomarcadores actualmente validados y utilizados en la esclerosis multiple, asi como de los posibles candidatos de utilizacion en la practica clinica habitual.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Atrophy
  • Biomarkers / cerebrospinal fluid*
  • Blood-Brain Barrier
  • Brain / pathology*
  • Diffusion Tensor Imaging
  • Evoked Potentials
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods
  • Multiple Sclerosis / cerebrospinal fluid
  • Multiple Sclerosis / diagnosis*
  • Multiple Sclerosis / pathology
  • Multiple Sclerosis / therapy
  • Neurofilament Proteins / cerebrospinal fluid
  • Neuroimaging / methods*
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
  • Oligoclonal Bands / cerebrospinal fluid
  • Organ Size
  • Positron-Emission Tomography
  • Prognosis
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Tomography, Optical Coherence

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • Neurofilament Proteins
  • Oligoclonal Bands