Rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuric acute renal failure may occur following strenuous exercise and may be more common in less physically conditioned persons. A case of moderately severe acute renal failure after the exercise involved in a routine Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) is described. This level of exertion, which is universally applied to Army personnel, should be recognized as a potential etiology of rhabdomyolysis. Prospective studies may help define the exact risk to renal function provided by the APFT.