Background: Comorbidities play an important role in the course and therapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Sex-specific aspects are observed with regard to prevalence and manifestation of RA-related comorbidities.
Aim: A summary of current insights into sex and gender-related aspects of frequent comorbidities in RA is given.
Material and methods: National data were analyzed and literature findings from meta-analyses, observational studies and reviews with regard to gender and RA-associated comorbidities are presented.
Results: There are gender-specific differences in the prevalence of comorbidities of RA. Depression, fibromyalgia and hypothyroidism are more frequent in women than in men, whereas cardiovascular diseases and diabetes are more common in men. Osteoarthritis and osteoporosis are frequent in both sexes.
Conclusion: Sex and gender-specific aspects should be taken into consideration in the diagnostics and treatment of RA-related comorbidities.