Acute duodenal ischemia and periampullary intramural hematoma are rare complications after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). A 77-year-old man with splenomegaly complained of abdominal pain caused by common bile duct (CBD) stone. After successful removal of the CBD stone without immediate complications, the patient developed intramural hematoma around the ampulla of Vater along with diffuse duodenal edema. The findings were compatible with acute intestinal ischemia, and further evaluation revealed that he had underlying primary myelofibrosis. Myeloproliferative diseases are known to be significantly associated with an increased risk of thrombohemorrhagic complications. Therefore, particular attention should be given to this group of patients when a high-risk procedure such as ERCP is performed.
Keywords: Acute duodenal ischemia; Cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic retrograde; Duodenal edema; Periampullary intramural hematoma; Primary myelofibrosis.