Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma loaded dental implant improves osteogenesis of rat mandible

J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2015 Apr;103(3):587-95. doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.33207. Epub 2014 Jun 25.

Abstract

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has been known for their anti-inflammatory effects. But the application of this molecule in implant-induced inflammation has not been clearly studied yet. Here, we determined in vivo anti-inflammatory and osteogenic effects of PPARγ coated dental implant in the rat mandible. We used chitosan gold nanoparticles (Ch-GNPs) as a non viral vector to carry PPARγ plasmid DNA. Ch-GNPs were conjugated with PPARγ plasmid DNA through a coacervation process. Conjugation was cast over titanium (Ti) implants (4.5 × 0.8 mm) by dipping, and implants were installed in rat mandibles. One, 2, 3, and 6 weeks post-implantation, mandibles were examined by microcomputed tomography (µCT), immunohistochemistry, hematoxylin & eosin, and tartrate resistance acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. In vivo Ch-GNPs/PPARγcoated implants were associated with inhibition of implant induced inflammatory molecules interleukin-1β and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand and enhanced expression of osteogenic molecules like bone morphogenetic protein 2 and 7 (BMP-2/-7) by up-regulating anti-oxidant molecules heme oxygenase-1. µCT demonstrated that PPARγ overexpression increased the density and volume of newly formed bone surrounding the implants compared to control (n = 4; p < 0.05). Also, PPARγ reduced the number of TRAP positive cells. These results support the view that PPARγ overexpression diminishes inflammation and enhances osteogenesis around the dental implants. Thus, implant coated with anti-inflammatory molecules could have a significant utilization for the preparation of new biomaterials and may serve as prosthetic materials in patients suffering from inflammatory bone disease.

Keywords: PPARγ; dental implant; gene delivered implant; inflammation; osteogenesis.

Publication types

  • Evaluation Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / biosynthesis
  • Bone Screws
  • Chitosan
  • Coated Materials, Biocompatible / therapeutic use*
  • DNA, Recombinant / administration & dosage
  • Dental Implantation, Endosseous / instrumentation*
  • Dental Implants*
  • Dental Materials / therapeutic use*
  • Drug Carriers
  • Foreign-Body Reaction / metabolism
  • Foreign-Body Reaction / pathology
  • Foreign-Body Reaction / prevention & control
  • Gold
  • Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / biosynthesis
  • Inflammation / prevention & control
  • Interleukin-1beta / analysis
  • Materials Testing
  • Metal Nanoparticles
  • NF-kappa B / analysis
  • Osseointegration / physiology
  • Osteoclasts / metabolism
  • Osteogenesis, Distraction / instrumentation*
  • PPAR gamma / administration & dosage
  • PPAR gamma / pharmacology*
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Titanium

Substances

  • Bone Morphogenetic Proteins
  • Coated Materials, Biocompatible
  • DNA, Recombinant
  • Dental Implants
  • Dental Materials
  • Drug Carriers
  • Interleukin-1beta
  • NF-kappa B
  • PPAR gamma
  • Gold
  • Chitosan
  • Titanium
  • Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)
  • Hmox1 protein, rat