The neutrophil serine protease PR3 induces shape change of platelets via the Rho/Rho kinase and Ca(2+) signaling pathways

Abstract

Introduction: Proteinase 3 (PR3) is released from neutrophil azurophilic granules and exerts complex effects on the inflammatory process. PR3 catalyzes the degradation of a number of macromolecules, but the consequences on blood cells are less well defined. In the present study, the effect of PR3 on human platelets was thoroughly investigated.

Methods: The experiments were performed on washed platelets freshly isolated from blood donated by healthy human volunteers. Platelets shape change and aggregation was measured on a Chrono-Log aggregometer. The phosphorylated form of MYPT1 was visualized by immunostaining. Platelet activation was further evaluated by flow cytometry.

Results: PR3 induced platelet shape change but not aggregation. Flow cytometry analysis showed that PR3 induced no P-selectin expression or binding of fibrinogen to the platelets, and it did not change the activation in response to PAR1- or PAR4-activating peptides or to thrombin. Furthermore, Fura-2 measurement and immuno-blotting analysis, respectively, revealed that PR3 stimulated small intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization and Thr696-specific phosphorylation of the myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT1). Separate treatment of platelets with the Rho/Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 and the intracellular Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA/AM reduced the shape change induced by PR3 whereas concurrent treatment completely inhibited it.

Conclusion: The data shows that the neutrophil protease PR3 is a direct modulator of human platelets and causes shape change through activation of the Rho/Rho kinase and Ca(2+) signaling pathways. This finding highlights an additional mechanism in the complex interplay between neutrophils and platelets.

Keywords: ANCA-associated vasculitis; Ca(2+) signaling pathway; Platelet shape change; Proteinase PR3; Rho/Rho kinase signaling pathway.