Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), an incurable, neuromuscular disease, is caused by the expansion of CTG repeats within the 3' UTR of DMPK on chromosome 19q. In DM1 patients, mutant DMPK transcripts deregulate RNA metabolism by altering CUG RNA-binding proteins. Several approaches have been proposed for DM1 therapy focused on specific degradation of the mutant CUG repeats or on correction of RNA-binding proteins, affected by CUG repeats. One such protein is CUG RNA-binding protein (CUGBP1). The ability of CUGBP1 to increase or inhibit translation depends on phosphorylation at Ser302, which is mediated by cyclin D3-CDK4. The mutant CUG repeats increase the levels of CUGBP1 protein and inhibit Ser302 phosphorylation, leading to the accumulation of CUGBP1 isoforms that repress translation (i.e., CUGBP1(REP)). Elevation of CUGBP1(REP) in DM1 is caused by increased GSK3β kinase, which reduces the cyclin D3-CDK4 pathway and subsequent phosphorylation of CUGBP1 at Ser302. In this review, we discuss our recent discovery showing that correction of GSK3β activity in the DM1 mouse model (i.e., HSA(LR) mice) reduces DM1 muscle pathology. These findings demonstrate that GSK3β is a novel therapeutic target for treating DM1.
Keywords: CUG repeats; CUGBP1; GSK3β; TDZD-8; lithium; myotonic dystrophy type 1.