Ginseng diminishes lung disease in mice immunized with formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus after challenge by modulating host immune responses

J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2014 Nov;34(11):902-14. doi: 10.1089/jir.2013.0093. Epub 2014 Jul 22.

Abstract

Formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (FI-RSV) immunization is known to cause severe pulmonary inflammatory disease after subsequent RSV infection. Ginseng has been used in humans for thousands of years due to its potential health benefits. We investigated whether ginseng would have immune modulating effects on RSV infection in mice previously immunized with FI-RSV. Oral administration of mice with ginseng increased IgG2a isotype antibody responses to FI-RSV immunization, indicating T-helper type 1 (Th1) immune responses. Ginseng-treated mice that were nonimmunized or previously immunized with FI-RSV showed improved protection against RSV challenge compared with control mice without ginseng treatment. Ginseng-mediated improved clinical outcomes after live RSV infection were evidenced by diminished weight losses, decreased interleukin-4 cytokine production but increased interferon-γ production, modulation of CD3 T-cell populations toward a Th1 response, and reduced inflammatory response. Ginseng-mediated protective host immune modulation against RSV pulmonary inflammation was observed in different strains of wild-type and mutant mice. These results indicate that ginseng can modulate host immune responses to FI-RSV immunization and RSV infection, resulting in protective effects against pulmonary inflammatory disease.

Publication types

  • Address
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Female
  • Formaldehyde / chemistry
  • Hep G2 Cells
  • Humans
  • Immunization / adverse effects
  • Immunoglobulin G / blood
  • Immunomodulation
  • Interferon-gamma / metabolism
  • Interleukin-4 / metabolism
  • Lung Diseases / immunology
  • Lung Diseases / prevention & control*
  • Lung Diseases / virology
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Panax / immunology*
  • Plant Extracts / administration & dosage*
  • Plant Extracts / immunology
  • Plant Roots / immunology
  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / immunology
  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / prevention & control*
  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines / administration & dosage
  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines / adverse effects*
  • Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / chemistry
  • Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / immunology*
  • Th1 Cells / drug effects
  • Th1 Cells / immunology
  • Vaccines, Inactivated / adverse effects

Substances

  • Immunoglobulin G
  • Plant Extracts
  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines
  • Vaccines, Inactivated
  • Formaldehyde
  • Interleukin-4
  • Interferon-gamma