Approach, avoidance, and their conflict: the problem of anchoring

doi:10.3389/fnsys.2014.00124

. 2014 Jul 3:8:124.

doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00124. eCollection 2014.

Approach, avoidance, and their conflict: the problem of anchoring

Neil McNaughton¹, Philip J Corr²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago Dunedin, New Zealand.
² Department of Psychology, City University London London, UK.

PMID: 25071476
PMCID: PMC4079981
DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00124

Approach, avoidance, and their conflict: the problem of anchoring

Neil McNaughton et al. Front Syst Neurosci. 2014.

. 2014 Jul 3:8:124.

doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00124. eCollection 2014.

Authors

Neil McNaughton¹, Philip J Corr²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago Dunedin, New Zealand.
² Department of Psychology, City University London London, UK.

PMID: 25071476
PMCID: PMC4079981
DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00124

No abstract available

Keywords: anchoring; approach; avoidance; biomarkers; conflict; personality.

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Figures

**Figure 1**
**Overall relation of approach (BAS), avoidance (FFFS = fight, freeze, flee), and conflict (BIS = behavioral inhibition) systems—an updated model**. The inputs to the system are classified in terms of the delivery (+) or omission (−) of primary positive reinforcers (PosR) or primary negative reinforcers (NegR) or conditional stimuli (CS) or innate stimuli (IS) that predict such primary events. The BIS is activated when it detects approach-avoidance conflict—suppressing prepotent responses and eliciting risk assessment and displacement behaviors. The systems interact in a variety of ways to generate behavior, see text. The shaded areas are all points at which traits appear to operate. Figure and legend modified from Gray and McNaughton (2000) and Corr and McNaughton (2012).

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References

1. Andrews G., Stewart G., Morris-Yates A., Holt P., Henderson S. (1990). Evidence for a general neurotic syndrome. Br. J. Psychiatry 157, 6–12 10.1192/bjp.157.1.6 - DOI - PubMed
1. Carver C. S., White T. L. (1994). Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: the BIS/BAS scales. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 67, 319–333 10.1037/0022-3514.67.2.319 - DOI
1. Cloninger C. R., Svrakic D. M., Przybecky T. R. (1993). A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 50, 975–990 10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820240059008 - DOI - PubMed
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1. Corr P. J., McNaughton N. (2008). Reinforcement sensitivity theory and personality, in The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality, ed Corr P. J. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; ), 155–187

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[1] Andrews G., Stewart G., Morris-Yates A., Holt P., Henderson S. (1990). Evidence for a general neurotic syndrome. Br. J. Psychiatry 157, 6–12 10.1192/bjp.157.1.6 - DOI - PubMed

[2] Andrews G., Stewart G., Morris-Yates A., Holt P., Henderson S. (1990). Evidence for a general neurotic syndrome. Br. J. Psychiatry 157, 6–12 10.1192/bjp.157.1.6 - DOI - PubMed

[3] Carver C. S., White T. L. (1994). Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: the BIS/BAS scales. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 67, 319–333 10.1037/0022-3514.67.2.319 - DOI

[4] Carver C. S., White T. L. (1994). Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: the BIS/BAS scales. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 67, 319–333 10.1037/0022-3514.67.2.319 - DOI

[5] Cloninger C. R., Svrakic D. M., Przybecky T. R. (1993). A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 50, 975–990 10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820240059008 - DOI - PubMed

[6] Cloninger C. R., Svrakic D. M., Przybecky T. R. (1993). A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 50, 975–990 10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820240059008 - DOI - PubMed

[7] Corr P. J. (2013). Approach and avoidance behavior: multiple systems and their interactions. Emot. Rev. 5, 286–291 10.1177/1754073913477507 - DOI

[8] Corr P. J. (2013). Approach and avoidance behavior: multiple systems and their interactions. Emot. Rev. 5, 286–291 10.1177/1754073913477507 - DOI

[9] Corr P. J., McNaughton N. (2008). Reinforcement sensitivity theory and personality, in The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality, ed Corr P. J. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; ), 155–187

[10] Corr P. J., McNaughton N. (2008). Reinforcement sensitivity theory and personality, in The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality, ed Corr P. J. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; ), 155–187

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Approach, avoidance, and their conflict: the problem of anchoring

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Approach, avoidance, and their conflict: the problem of anchoring

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