Improving prediction of type 1 diabetes by testing non-HLA genetic variants in addition to HLA markers

Pediatr Diabetes. 2014 Aug;15(5):355-62. doi: 10.1111/pedi.12092. Epub 2013 Nov 8.

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore whether non-human leukocyte antigen (non-HLA) genetic markers can improve type 1 diabetes(T1D) prediction in a prospective cohort with high-risk HLA-DR,DQ genotypes.

Methods: The Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY) follows prospectively for the development of T1D and islet autoimmunity (IA)children at increased genetic risk. A total of 1709 non-Hispanic White DAISY participants have been genotyped for 27 non-HLA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one microsatellite.

Results: In multivariate analyses adjusting for family history and HLA-DR3/4 genotype, PTPN22 (rs2476601) and two UBASH3A (rs11203203 and rs9976767) SNPs were associated with development of IA [hazard ratio(HR)=1.87, 1.55, and 1.54, respectively, all p ≤ 0.003], while GLIS3 and IL2RA showed borderline association with development of IA. INS,UBASH3A, and IFIH1 were significantly associated with progression from IA to diabetes (HR=1.65, 1.44, and 1.47, respectively, all p ≤ 0.04), while PTPN22 and IL27 showed borderline association with progression from IA to diabetes. In survival analysis, 45% of general population DAISY children with PTPN22 rs2476601 TT or HLA-DR3/4 and UBASH3A rs11203203 AA developed diabetes by age 15, compared with 3% of children with all other genotypes (p<0.0001). Addition of non-HLA markers to HLA-DR3/4,DQ8 did not improve diabetes prediction in first-degree relatives.

Conclusion: Addition of PTPN22 and UBASH3A SNPs to HLA-DR,DQ genotyping can improve T1D risk prediction.

Keywords: islet autoimmunity; non-HLA genetic markers; prediction; type 1 diabetes.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / genetics*
  • Adolescent
  • Autoimmunity / immunology*
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / genetics*
  • Disease Progression
  • Genetic Predisposition to Disease
  • Genetic Testing
  • HLA Antigens / immunology*
  • HLA-DQ Antigens / genetics
  • HLA-DR Antigens / immunology*
  • Humans
  • Islets of Langerhans / immunology*
  • Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
  • Prospective Studies
  • Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22 / genetics*
  • Risk Factors

Substances

  • Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
  • HLA Antigens
  • HLA-DQ Antigens
  • HLA-DR Antigens
  • UBASH3A protein, human
  • PTPN22 protein, human
  • Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22