Hormonal and reproductive risk factors associated with breast cancer in Isfahan patients

Mehdi Tazhibi; Mohsen Dehghani; Shadi Babazadeh; Fariborz Makkarian; Maryam Tabatabaeian; Masoumeh Sadeghi; Parisa Rezaei; Mehri Faghihi

doi:10.4103/2277-9531.134818

Hormonal and reproductive risk factors associated with breast cancer in Isfahan patients

J Educ Health Promot. 2014 Jun 23:3:69. doi: 10.4103/2277-9531.134818. eCollection 2014.

Authors

Mehdi Tazhibi¹, Mohsen Dehghani², Shadi Babazadeh³, Fariborz Makkarian⁴, Maryam Tabatabaeian⁵, Masoumeh Sadeghi⁶, Parisa Rezaei⁷, Mehri Faghihi⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Shahroud, Iran.
² Department of Epidemiology, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
³ Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Breast Cancer Study Group, Seiedo-Shohada Hospital, Shahroud, Iran.
⁴ Department of Internal Medicine, Breast Cancer Study Group, School of Medicine, Shahroud, Iran.
⁵ Department of Surgery, Breast Cancer Study Group, Seiedo-Shohada Hospital, Shahroud, Iran.
⁶ Research Center for Modeling in Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
⁷ Department of Pathology, Breast Cancer Study Group, Seiedo-Shohada Hospital, Shahroud, Iran.

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among Iranian females; it is noteworthy that the condition of this type of cancer among Iranian women does not significantly differ from what has been reported from other countries. Considering the importance of this issue, identification of the backgrounds factors and risk factors of the breast cancer risk are highly needed. Therefore, the present study is aimed to compare the risk factors of resident patients of Isfahan province, Iran, with accredited risk factors by other countries and also identify the importance of each factor in the incidence of cancer.

Materials and methods: The present work is a case-control study, which was conducted in 2011. In order to conduct the study, 216 women who had been clinically identified with breast cancer were selected from Seiedo-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, as the case group. Moreover, 41 healthy women who were the relatives of the selected patients (i.e., sisters and aunts) were selected as the control group. The data and information of the patients from 1999 to 2010 were collected from either assessing the database system of the center for breast cancer research or interviewing the patients through phone. To analyze the data, multiple logistic regression method was applied.

Results: The range of age among selected individuals in this study was from 20-75 years old. The determinant factors for odds of breast cancer included in the applied multiple logistic regression model were the use of oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) (odds ratio [OR] =0.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.04-0.75) as the protective factor, hormone replacement therapy (OR = 10.2, 95% CI = 1.18-88.89) and menopause at old age (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.11-2.12) as the risk factors. Furthermore, there was not seen any significant relationship between age, vocation, and marital status with odds of breast cancer in multiple model.

Conclusion: Based on the results, use of OCPs as protective factor, hormone replacement therapy, and menopause at old age are identified as the risk factors in developing breast cancer among women. Influencing and modifiable factors should be considered very important in society based interventions and preventive interventions planning.

Keywords: Breast cancer; Isfahan; case-control; hormone; reproductive; risk factors.