Objective: In this paper, the etiology, differential diagnosis, and therapy of testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs) is presented based on a patient presentation and an overview of the most recent literature concerning this subject.
Methods: Retrospective analysis of the clinical and biochemical data of an 18-year-old male patient diagnosed at the age of 2 weeks with the classic salt-wasting form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia that has been monitored in the pediatric and adolescent outpatient department since the age of 4 years.
Results: The results of adrenal hormone tests (17-hydroxyprogesterone, 17-ketosteroids, and pregnanes) had been unsatisfactory, particularly over the previous 5 years. Scrotal ultrasound detected TARTs bilaterally. After increasing the dose of hydrocortisone and introducing dexamethasone, considerable regression of the tumors was noted.
Conclusion: Lack of complete regression of the lesions is caused by fibrosis and is probably due to decreased sensitivity of adrenocorticotropic hormone and angiotensin II receptors in this tissue.