The assessment of transpulmonary pressure in mechanically ventilated ARDS patients

Intensive Care Med. 2014 Nov;40(11):1670-8. doi: 10.1007/s00134-014-3415-4. Epub 2014 Aug 12.

Abstract

Purpose: The optimal method for estimating transpulmonary pressure (i.e. the fraction of the airway pressure transmitted to the lung) has not yet been established.

Methods: In this study on 44 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), we computed the end-inspiratory transpulmonary pressure as the change in airway and esophageal pressure from end-inspiration to atmospheric pressure (i.e. release derived) and as the product of the end-inspiratory airway pressure and the ratio of lung to respiratory system elastance (i.e. elastance derived). The end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure was estimated as the product of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) minus the direct measurement of esophageal pressure and by the release method.

Results: The mean elastance- and release-derived transpulmonary pressure were 14.4 ± 3.7 and 14.4 ± 3.8 cmH₂O at 5 cmH₂O of PEEP and 21.8 ± 5.1 and 21.8 ± 4.9 cmH₂O at 15 cmH₂O of PEEP, respectively (P = 0.32, P = 0.98, respectively), indicating that these parameters were significantly related (r(2) = 0.98, P < 0.001 at 5 cmH₂O of PEEP; r(2) = 0.93, P < 0.001 at 15 cmH₂O of PEEP). The percentage error was 5.6 and 12.0 %, respectively. The mean directly measured and release-derived transpulmonary pressure were -8.0 ± 3.8 and 3.9 ± 0.9 cmH₂O at 5 cmH₂O of PEEP and -1.2 ± 3.2 and 10.6 ± 2.2 cmH₂O at 15 cmH₂O of PEEP, respectively, indicating that these parameters were not related (r(2) = 0.07, P = 0.08 at 5 cmH₂O of PEEP; r (2) = 0.10, P = 0.53 at 15 cmH₂O of PEEP).

Conclusions: Based on our observations, elastance-derived transpulmonary pressure can be considered to be an adequate surrogate of the release-derived transpulmonary pressure, while the release-derived and directly measured end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure are not related.

MeSH terms

  • Airway Resistance
  • Elasticity
  • Esophagus / physiopathology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Lung / physiopathology*
  • Lung Compliance / physiology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Peak Expiratory Flow Rate
  • Positive-Pressure Respiration*
  • Pressure
  • Respiratory Distress Syndrome / diagnostic imaging
  • Respiratory Distress Syndrome / physiopathology*
  • Respiratory Distress Syndrome / therapy*
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed