Duodenal luminal nutrient sensing

Ivar Rønnestad; Yasutada Akiba; Izumi Kaji; Jonathan D Kaunitz

doi:10.1016/j.coph.2014.07.010

Duodenal luminal nutrient sensing

Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2014 Dec:19:67-75. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2014.07.010. Epub 2014 Aug 9.

Authors

Ivar Rønnestad¹, Yasutada Akiba², Izumi Kaji³, Jonathan D Kaunitz⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Biology, University of Bergen, N5020 Bergen, Norway.
² Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; Brentwood Biomedical Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.
³ Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; Brentwood Biomedical Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.
⁴ Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; Brentwood Biomedical Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA. Electronic address: jake@ucla.edu.

Abstract

The gastrointestinal mucosa is exposed to numerous chemical substances and microorganisms, including macronutrients, micronutrients, bacteria, endogenous ions, and proteins. The regulation of mucosal protection, digestion, absorption and motility is signaled in part by luminal solutes. Therefore, luminal chemosensing is an important mechanism enabling the mucosa to monitor luminal conditions, such as pH, ion concentrations, nutrient quantity, and microflora. The duodenal mucosa shares luminal nutrient receptors with lingual taste receptors in order to detect the five basic tastes, in addition to essential nutrients, and unwanted chemicals. The recent 'de-orphanization' of nutrient sensing G protein-coupled receptors provides an essential component of the mechanism by which the mucosa senses luminal nutrients. In this review, we will update the mechanisms of and underlying physiological and pathological roles in luminal nutrient sensing, with a main focus on the duodenal mucosa.

Publication types

Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Review

MeSH terms

Amino Acids / metabolism
Animals
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Duodenum / metabolism*
Food
Humans
Intestinal Mucosa / metabolism*
Lipid Metabolism
Peptides / metabolism

Substances

Amino Acids
Peptides

Abstract

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

Grants and funding