Multiple nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome associated with congenital orbital teratoma, caused by a PTCH1 frameshift mutation

Genet Mol Res. 2014 Jul 25;13(3):5654-63. doi: 10.4238/2014.July.25.21.

Abstract

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, or nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS), is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the PTCH1 gene and shows a high level of penetrance and variable expressivity. The syndrome is characterized by developmental abnormalities or neoplasms and is diagnosed with 2 major criteria, or with 1 major and 2 minor criteria. Here, we report a new clinical manifestation associated with this syndrome in a boy affected by NBCCS who had congenital orbital teratoma at birth. Later, at the age of 15 years, he presented with 4 major and 4 minor criteria of NBCCS, including multiple basal cell carcinoma and 2 odontogenic keratocysts of the jaw, both confirmed by histology, more than 5 palmar pits, calcification of the cerebral falx, extensive meningeal calcifications, macrocephaly, hypertelorism, frontal bosses, and kyphoscoliosis. PTCH1 mutation analysis revealed the heterozygous germline mutation c.290dupA. This mutation generated a frameshift within exon 2 and an early premature stop codon (p.Asn97LysfsX43), predicting a truncated protein with complete loss of function. Identification of this mutation is useful for genetic counseling. Although the clinical symptoms are well-known, our case contributes to the understanding of phenotypic variability in NBCCS, highlighting that PTCH1 mutations cannot be used for predicting disease burden and reinforces the need of a multidisciplinary team in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of NBCCS patients.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome / complications*
  • Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome / diagnosis
  • Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome / genetics*
  • Brain / pathology
  • Carcinoma, Basal Cell / complications*
  • Carcinoma, Basal Cell / diagnosis
  • Carcinoma, Basal Cell / genetics*
  • DNA Mutational Analysis
  • Frameshift Mutation*
  • Germ-Line Mutation
  • Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple / complications*
  • Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple / diagnosis
  • Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple / genetics*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Orbital Neoplasms / congenital
  • Orbital Neoplasms / diagnosis
  • Orbital Neoplasms / etiology*
  • Patched Receptors
  • Patched-1 Receptor
  • Radiography, Panoramic
  • Receptors, Cell Surface / genetics*
  • Teratoma / congenital
  • Teratoma / diagnosis
  • Teratoma / etiology*
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Substances

  • PTCH1 protein, human
  • Patched Receptors
  • Patched-1 Receptor
  • Receptors, Cell Surface

Supplementary concepts

  • Basal cell carcinoma, multiple