Mechanisms of atherothrombosis and vascular response to primary percutaneous coronary intervention in women versus men with acute myocardial infarction: results of the OCTAVIA study

JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2014 Sep;7(9):958-68. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2014.05.011. Epub 2014 Aug 13.

Abstract

Objectives: This study sought to assess in vivo sex differences in the pathophysiology of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and vascular response to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Background: There is no consensus on whether differences in the pathophysiology of STEMI and response to primary PCI between women and men reflect biological factors as opposed to differences in age.

Methods: In this prospective, multicenter study, 140 age-matched men and women with STEMI undergoing primary PCI with everolimus-eluting stent were investigated with intravascular optical coherence tomography, histopathology-immunohistochemistry of thrombus aspirates, and serum biomarkers. Primary endpoints were the percentages of culprit plaque rupture at baseline and everolimus-eluting stent strut coverage at 9-month follow-up as determined by optical coherence tomography.

Results: Men and women had similar rates of plaque rupture (50.0% vs. 48.4%; risk ratio [RR]: 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73 to 1.47; p = 0.56). Nonruptured/eroded plaques comprised 25% of all cases (p = 0.86 in men vs. women). There were no sex differences in composition of aspirated thrombus and immune and inflammatory serum biomarkers. At 9 months, women had similar strut coverage (90.9% vs. 92.5%; difference in medians: RR: 0.2%; 95% CI: -0.4% to 1.3%; p = 0.89) and amount of in-stent neointimal obstruction (10.3% vs. 10.6%; p = 0.76) as men did. There were no sex differences in clinical outcome either at 30-day or 1-year follow-up.

Conclusions: In patients presenting with STEMI undergoing primary PCI, no differences in culprit plaque morphology and factors associated with coronary thrombosis were observed between age-matched men and women. Women also showed similar vascular healing response to everolimus-eluting stents as men did. (Optical Coherence Tomography Assessment of Gender Diversity In Primary Angioplasty: The OCTAVIA Trial [OCTAVIA]; NCT01377207).

Keywords: etiology; myocardial infarction; myocardial revascularization; sex differences.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Controlled Clinical Trial
  • Multicenter Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Cardiovascular Agents / therapeutic use
  • Chi-Square Distribution
  • Coronary Angiography
  • Coronary Artery Disease / complications
  • Coronary Artery Disease / diagnosis
  • Coronary Artery Disease / physiopathology
  • Coronary Artery Disease / therapy*
  • Coronary Restenosis / diagnosis
  • Coronary Restenosis / etiology
  • Coronary Thrombosis / complications
  • Coronary Thrombosis / diagnosis
  • Coronary Thrombosis / physiopathology
  • Coronary Thrombosis / therapy*
  • Drug-Eluting Stents
  • Everolimus
  • Female
  • Health Status Disparities*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Myocardial Infarction / diagnosis
  • Myocardial Infarction / etiology
  • Myocardial Infarction / physiopathology
  • Myocardial Infarction / therapy*
  • Neointima
  • Odds Ratio
  • Percutaneous Coronary Intervention* / adverse effects
  • Percutaneous Coronary Intervention* / instrumentation
  • Prospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Rupture, Spontaneous
  • Sex Factors
  • Sirolimus / administration & dosage
  • Sirolimus / analogs & derivatives
  • Time Factors
  • Tomography, Optical Coherence
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Wound Healing

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • Cardiovascular Agents
  • Everolimus
  • Sirolimus

Associated data

  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01377207