Cystoid macular oedema following Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty

Br J Ophthalmol. 2015 Jan;99(1):98-102. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305124. Epub 2014 Aug 19.

Abstract

Background: To determine the incidence and potential risk factors of cystoid macular oedema (CMO) following Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) with or without simultaneous cataract surgery.

Methods: In this study, 155 eyes of 88 patients suffering from Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (81%), bullous keratopathy (17.6%) or other corneal diseases (1.4%) underwent DMEK. 52% were pseudophacic (DMEK) and 48% received simultaneous cataract surgery (DMEK combined with cataract surgery (Triple-DMEK)) at the Eye Center at Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg between May 2011 and June 2013. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was performed 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months following (Triple-)DMEK and in unscheduled visits due to limited or decreased visual acuity. The medical records were reviewed for pre-existing comorbidities limiting visual acuity. Patients with a history of macular oedema were excluded. We estimated the incidence of CMO using the Kaplan-Meier method. Potential risk factors for CMO were analysed with a Cox regression analysis and Pearson's correlation. The Cox model included the following variables: patient age and axial length, simultaneous cataract surgery, rate of rebubbling, donor age and donor endothelial cell density.

Results: 13% of all eyes developed a single episode of CMO at the end of the follow-up. After 6 months, 13.3% of eyes following Triple-DMEK and 12.5% of eyes following DMEK showed CMO. There was a statistically significant correlation between CMO development and best spectacle corrected visual acuity. Long axial length had a protective effect on CMO development (HR=0.3; p=0.03). Under medical therapy, central foveal thickness decreased in all patients. CMO did not have a relevant effect on long-term visual acuity.

Conclusions: CMO is a frequent complication following DMEK in phacic and pseudophacic eyes. The prognosis is excellent given medical treatment. We recommend regular SD-OCT monitoring during the first 6 months following DMEK.

Keywords: Cornea.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Cataract Extraction
  • Corneal Diseases / surgery
  • Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / therapeutic use
  • Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty / adverse effects*
  • Drug Therapy, Combination
  • Female
  • Glucocorticoids / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Ketorolac Tromethamine / therapeutic use
  • Macular Edema / diagnosis
  • Macular Edema / drug therapy
  • Macular Edema / etiology*
  • Male
  • Prednisolone / analogs & derivatives
  • Prednisolone / therapeutic use
  • Risk Factors
  • Tomography, Optical Coherence
  • Visual Acuity / physiology

Substances

  • Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Ketorolac Tromethamine
  • prednisolone acetate
  • Prednisolone