Impact of acute guanfacine administration on stress and cue reactivity in cocaine-dependent individuals

Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2015 Mar;41(2):146-52. doi: 10.3109/00952990.2014.945590. Epub 2014 Aug 20.

Abstract

Background: Stress and drug-paired cues increase drug craving and noradrenergic activity in cocaine-dependent individuals. Thus, medications that attenuate noradrenergic activity may be effective therapeutic treatment options for cocaine-dependent individuals.

Objectives: To examine the impact of acute administration of the α2 adrenergic receptor agonist guanfacine on responses to multiple risk factors for relapse in cocaine-dependent individuals.

Methods: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, cocaine-dependent individuals (n = 84), were randomized to receive either 2 mg guanfacine (n = 50) or placebo (n = 34). Within each treatment arm, subjects were randomized to either a stress (guanfacine n = 26; placebo n = 15) or a no-stress (guanfacine n = 24; placebo n = 19) group. Participants in the stress group performed the Trier Social Stress Test. Subjects in each group were exposed to a neutral cue and then to cocaine-related cues. Plasma cortisol and subjective responses were compared between the four groups.

Results: The no-stress guanfacine group reported greater craving in response to cocaine cues as compared to the neutral cue (p < 0.001). The guanfacine stress group reported greater subjective stress at the neutral cue than at baseline (p = 0.032). The cocaine cue increased subjective stress in the guanfacine (p < 0.001) no-stress group. There were no effects of guanfacine on cortisol levels in either the stress or no stress groups (all p > 0.70).

Conclusion: This study found no effects of a single 2 mg dose of guanfacine on reactivity to stress and cues alone or on the interaction of stress and drug cues. In cocaine-dependent individuals an acute 2 mg dose of guanfacine may not be an effective therapeutic treatment strategy.

Keywords: Cocaine; cocaine cues; guanfacine; stress.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists / pharmacology*
  • Adult
  • Cocaine-Related Disorders / blood
  • Cocaine-Related Disorders / psychology*
  • Cues
  • Double-Blind Method
  • Female
  • Guanfacine / pharmacology*
  • Humans
  • Hydrocortisone / blood*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Stress, Psychological / blood
  • Stress, Psychological / psychology*

Substances

  • Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists
  • Guanfacine
  • Hydrocortisone