Component-resolved diagnosis in vespid venom-allergic individuals

Abstract

Background: Hymenoptera venom-allergic patients frequently present multiple sensitisations.

Objectives: To define the allergic profile by components in wasp allergic patients. To study the usefulness of specific IgE to components in cases of double sensitisation.

Materials and methods: Wasp allergic patients who needed Polistes and/or Vespula venom immunotherapy were included. Before immunotherapy and after two years of treatment the following specific IgE (sIgE) levels were measured: Apis mellifera, Vespula spp. Polistes spp., rVes v 5, rPol d 5, nVes v 5, nPol d 5, nVes v 1, nPol d 1, nApi m 1, nApi m 2 and peroxidase. Skin tests with venoms were performed. Based on the sIgE and the skin test results, Polistes and/or Vespula immunotherapy was administered.

Results: Thirteen patients were included. Double sensitisation to Polistes/Vespula was detected in eight patients. Sensitisation to rVes v 5 and rPol d 5 was found in two of eight cases, to nVes v 1 and nPol d 1 in eight of 13 cases, and to nVes v 5 and nPol d 5 in 2 of 13 cases. Three patients received double immunotherapy with both wasps. One patient was treated with Vespula and nine with Polistes. sIgE levels decreased after two years of treatment. In patients who showed double sensitisation but were treated with only one venom, sIgE to both venoms decreased.

Conclusions: Components analysis can be useful to study double positivity. In case of doubt, double immunotherapy should be administered. Phospholipase was found to be a major allergen in our population.

Keywords: Component-resolved diagnosis; Hymenoptera; Pol d 5; Ves v 5; Wasp venom allergy.