Objectives: This second segment of the two-part review summarises several modern high-throughput methods in genomics, epigenetics and molecular biology. Many principles from nucleotide sequencing and transcriptomics can be applied to other high-throughput molecular biology techniques. Specifically, this manuscript reviews: array comparative genome hybridisation; single nucleotide polymorphism arrays; microarray technology, used to study epigenetics; and methodology applied in proteomics. Finally, the review describes current methods for the integration of multiple molecular biology platforms.
Conclusion: Progress in treating human disease in general will require close collaboration with experts in bioinformatics. Improved understanding, by clinicians and physician-scientists in our field, of the concepts presented in both parts of this review will advance diagnosis and therapy for diseases of the head and neck.