The hypothesis that management-related diabetes knowledge and attitudes may be more directly related to diabetic control than general knowledge of or general attitude towards diabetes is examined. Sixty Type 1 diabetic patients were studied using an itemized knowledge questionnaire and an attitude scale measuring a general attitude to diabetes but containing a previously defined subgroup of items concerned with attitudes to management. A significant linear correlation was found between management-related knowledge (r = -0.39; p less than 0.01) and HbA1c. However, knowledge of insulin, diet, footcare, and glucose monitoring were not significantly correlated with HbA1c, poor control being associated with both very low and very high knowledge status. A significant linear correlation was found between management-related attitudes (but not general attitude) and HbA1c (r = -0.47; p less than 0.01). The multiple regression correlation between HbA1c and both management knowledge and attitudes was -0.51. Most (63%) of the association between knowledge and HbA1c was attributable to attitude. This study provides support for education strategies based upon achieving improved patient attitudes and motivation rather than comprehensive knowledge as the most effective way of improving patient diabetic control.