Interleukin-32α downregulates the activity of the B-cell CLL/lymphoma 6 protein by inhibiting protein kinase Cε-dependent SUMO-2 modification

Oncotarget. 2014 Sep 30;5(18):8765-77. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.2364.

Abstract

A proinflammatory cytokine IL-32 acts as an intracellular mediator. IL-32α interacts with many intracellular molecules, but there are no reports of interaction with a transcriptional repressor BCL6. In this study, we showed that PMA induces an interaction between IL-32α, PKCε, and BCL6, forming a trimer. To identify the mechanism of the interaction, we treated cells with various inhibitors. In HEK293 and THP-1 cell lines, treatment with a pan-PKC inhibitor, PKCε inhibitor, and PKCδ inhibitor decreased BCL6 and IL-32α protein expression. MAPK inhibitors and classical PKC inhibitor did not decrease PMA-induced BCL6 and IL-32α protein expression. Further, the pan-PKC inhibitor and PKCε inhibitor disrupted PMA-induced interaction between IL-32α and BCL6. These data demonstrate that the intracellular interaction between IL-32α and BCL6 is induced by PMA-activated PKCε. PMA induces post-translational modification of BCL6 by conjugation to SUMO-2, while IL-32α inhibits. PKCε inhibition eliminated PMA-induced SUMOylation of BCL6. Inhibition of BCL6 SUMOylation by IL-32α affected the cellular function and activity of the transcriptional repressor BCL6 in THP-1 cells. Thus, we showed that IL-32α is a negative regulator of the transcriptional repressor BCL6. IL-32α inhibits BCL6 SUMOylation by activating PKCε, resulting in the modulation of BCL6 target genes and cellular functions of BCL6.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / genetics
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism*
  • Down-Regulation
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
  • HEK293 Cells
  • Humans
  • Interleukins / genetics
  • Interleukins / metabolism*
  • Leukemia / genetics
  • Leukemia / metabolism*
  • Leukemia / pathology
  • Protein Kinase C-epsilon / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Protein Kinase C-epsilon / genetics
  • Protein Kinase C-epsilon / metabolism
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6
  • RNA Interference
  • Signal Transduction / drug effects
  • Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins / genetics
  • Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins / metabolism*
  • Sumoylation
  • Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / pharmacology
  • Transcription, Genetic
  • Transfection

Substances

  • BCL6 protein, human
  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • IL32 protein, human
  • Interleukins
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6
  • SUMO2 protein, human
  • Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins
  • PRKCE protein, human
  • Protein Kinase C-epsilon
  • Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate