Objective: To present a review of all patients diagnosed with a facial nerve schwannoma (FNS) managed in our center over almost two decades, and suggest guidelines for their classification and management.
Study design: Retrospective case review
Setting: Tertiary referral center
Patients: Twenty-eight patients with a facial nerve schwannoma
Intervention: Conservative or surgical management depending on clinical and radiological features
Main outcome measure: Patient demographics, site of tumor, and clinical symptoms, including facial nerve function (House-Brackmann score) at baseline and follow-up. In those managed surgically, operative approach and surgical outcomes were also recorded.
Results: Of 28 patients, 16 were male. Mean age at presentation was 46 years. The majority presented with either facial weakness or hearing loss. The internal auditory canal segment of the facial nerve was the most commonly affected (19/28, 68%). Multi-segmental lesions were found in almost half (46%) of patients. Facial weakness was most commonly associated with involvement of the labyrinthine segment (89%). Overall, 16 (57%) patients were managed surgically.
Conclusion: FNS may be difficult to distinguish on both clinical and imaging grounds from other cerebellopontine pathologies on the basis of audiovestibular symptoms alone. The presence of facial weakness in combination with imaging findings suggestive of FNS is highly suggestive for FNS. In patients with brainstem compression, rapid tumor growth, or House-Brackmann greater than 4, we suggest a surgical approach based on preoperative audiovestibular status, helping optimize long-term facial function and minimize morbidity. Facial nerve reanimation at the time of primary surgery is preferred.