In addition to liver-related complications, HCV infection is associated with extra-hepatic manifestations. Patients have an increased risk of developing insulin resistance or type II diabetes. HCV infection is also associated with cryoglobulinemia which manifests itself with skin lesions, renal failure, or peripheral nervous system involvement. The risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma, typically derived from B cells, is also increased. Patients may present with symptoms of CNS involvement. The association with cardiovascular events is likely but not proven with certainty. In some cases, the management of extra-hepatic manifestations of HCV will require antiviral therapy.