Energy drink consumption and the risk of alcohol use disorder among a national sample of adolescents and young adults

Abstract

Objective: To assess the association between energy drink use and hazardous alcohol use among a national sample of adolescents and young adults.

Study design: Cross-sectional analysis of 3342 youth aged 15-23 years recruited for a national survey about media and alcohol use. Energy drink use was defined as recent use or ever mixed-use with alcohol. Outcomes were ever alcohol use and 3 hazardous alcohol use outcomes measured with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): ever consuming 6 or more drinks at once (6+ binge drinking) and clinical criteria for hazardous alcohol use as defined for adults (8+AUDIT) and for adolescents (4+AUDIT).

Results: Among 15-17 year olds (n = 1508), 13.3% recently consumed an energy drink, 9.7% ever consumed an energy drink mixed with alcohol, and 47.1% ever drank alcohol. Recent energy drink use predicted ever alcohol use among 15-17-year-olds only (OR 2.58; 95% CI 1.77-3.77). Of these 15-17-year-olds, 17% met the 6+ binge drinking criteria, 7.2% met the 8+AUDIT criteria, and 16.0% met the 4+AUDIT criteria. Rates of energy drink use and all alcohol use outcomes increased with age. Ever mixed-use with alcohol predicted 6+ binge drinking (OR 4.69; 95% CI 3.70-5.94), 8+AUDIT (OR 3.25; 95% CI 2.51-4.21), and 4+AUDIT (OR 4.15; 95% CI 3.27-5.25) criteria in adjusted models among all participants, with no evidence of modification by age.

Conclusions: Positive associations between energy drink use and hazardous alcohol use behaviors are not limited to youth in college settings.

Figure 1

Unadjusted prevalence rates of ever mixed-use of an energy drink with alcohol by energy drink use in the past seven days, overall and stratified by age among a sample of adolescents and young adults.^{1,2 1} Among N=3,342 participants who completed a telephone based survey. ² Rates of ever mixed-use of an energy drink with alcohol by recent energy drink use significantly different overall or within each age strata (all p<0.001).